Report from India 0620

Report from India 0620

What would it have been like if ...?

In our daily professional lives, we meet people who work in completely different professions than electroplating. One would assume that they have perhaps heard little about electroplating or have had nothing to do with it in their lives. It is therefore always gratifying to meet a person who has been involved with electroplating at some point in their career, whether as a student, a temp, an apprentice, an electroplater, an entrepreneur or in research and development, before that person was attracted to other subjects. It would also be gratifying if these people looked back fondly and with pleasure on their electroplating days, perhaps because they learned a lot and something stayed with them.

Historically speaking, what would it have been like if some of these people had continued to focus on electroplating as a career? In a fascinating article in Product Finishing magazine, Jack Dini explores this topic and describes personalities who were involved in electroplating at some point. Here are some examples of such people:

Johann Wilhelm Ritter

J. W. Ritter kannte die damalige geistige Elite Deutschlands persönlichJ. W. Ritter personally knew the intellectual elite of Germany at the time(1776-1810) from Samitz began his career as an apprentice in a pharmacy, studied medicine and was very interested in chemistry. He is said to have discovered electroplating in Jena in 1800. He studied the electrolysis of water and developed the dry battery. He discovered the UV range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the last years of his short life, he worked on electrophysiology.
 
Ritter knew his contemporaries Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Gottfried Herder, Alexander von Humboldt and Clemens Brentano personally.

Antonio Meucci


The life of Antonio Meucci (1808-1889) spanned Italy, Cuba and the USA. He studied mechanical engineering and technical chemistry and was politically active in Italy. At the age of 27, he emigrated with his wife to Cuba, then still a Spanish colony, where he developed a water purification system for the city of Havana. He was awarded a contract to supply electroplating-related products and materials for the army and founded an electroplating company.
 
Meucci is better known as the inventor of the first telephone. Later in life, he also owned a candle factory and a brewery in the USA.

Abwasserpionier: Antonio MeucciSewage pioneer: Antonio Meucci

Thomas Edison

(1847-1931) acquired a total of 1084 patents for his inventions, including in the fields of electricity generation, mass communication, electroplating, sound recording and film.

Edisons letztes Patent, im Jahr 1933 erteilt, war für einen Halter für die galvanotechnische Beschichtung von DiamantenEdison's last patent, granted in 1933, was for a holder for the electroplating of diamonds

Parkes verdankt die Welt den ersten thermoplastischen KunststoffThe world owes the first thermoplastic to Parkes

Alexander Parkes

The metallurgist Alexander Parkes (1813-1890) was the owner of 66 patents in the field of processes and products for electroplating and plastics technology. He developed a process for the desilvering of lead. He discovered the advantages of adding small amounts of phosphorus to metals. This discovery has great relevance for electroplating technology.
 
Parkes also produced the first thermoplastic, called Parkesine. He discovered the cold vulcanization process. He developed cylinders and tubes for calico printing. He was married twice and had seventeen children, some of whom became famous.

Edward Weston

Ihm verdankt die Galvanik die Weston-CellWeston-Cell(1850-1936) studied medicine but was interested in chemistry. Shortly after emigrating to America, he got a job in the electroplating industry. Among his many achievements, the development of the electrochemical cell, known as the Weston Cell, is of great importance for electroplating technology.
 
Weston and Edison were working on similar topics at the same time. Weston developed instruments for measuring current and discovered the alloys constantan and manganin.

Albert Einstein

(1879-1955) himself had obviously never had anything to do with electroplating, but his father and uncle owned a small electroplating company in Munich before it went bankrupt.

Charles Kettering

The inventor and engineer Charles Kettering (1876-1958) held 186 patents. He founded Delco and was head of research at General Motors from 1920 to 1947.
 
Kettering's patents covered topics such as chrome plating, venereal disease treatment, incubators, paint, Freon coolant, leaded gasoline, portable lighting generator, electric starter for automobiles and the electrification of the cash register.

Was wäre geschehen, falls diese Galvanik geblüht hätte ...What would have happened if this electroplating had flourished ...

Elektrische LadenkasseElectric cash register

Louis LaMoore

The American writer Louis LaMoore (1908-1988), better known as Louis L'Amour, had carried out electroplating experiments at school and later worked in an electroplating plant as a teenager.

Richard Feynman

The later Nobel Prize winner and popular theoretical physicist Richard Feynman (1918-1988) spent a summer as a student and teenager working at the Metaplast Corporation in New York, where he was the one-man laboratory. Here he worked on plastic electroplating and tested countless ideas. However, the problem of adhesion of the metal layer to the plastic surface could not be overcome. Feynman had fun with huge advertisements in trade journals, but unfortunately Metaplast soon went bankrupt.

Viele von L’Amours Werken sind in Westernfilmen verewigt wordenMany of L'Amour's works have been immortalized in western films

Feynman gilt als Vater der NanotechnologieFeynman is considered the father of nanotechnology

June Schwarcz

The artist June Schwarcz (née Morris, 1918-2015) learned the enameling technique at the age of 36. She then combined enameling with electroplating, often sandblasting, to create a wide range of artistic works over the next sixty years, the last of which was completed a week before her death. She had already learned how to etch metals as a student in a school project. She regarded her works - primarily vessels and panels - as non-functional sculpture.

Schwarcz's innovative ideas were transformed into works of art using copper-plated copper foils and grids. Many aspects of her life inspired her to create works of art. According to unconfirmed reports, some copper plating was done in the bathtub.

https://www.pfonline.com/articles/celebrities-who-once-worked-in-electroplating

Schwarcz’s Werke sind in vielen bekannten Museen der Welt, darunter dem Smithsonian, verewigt worden Schwarcz's works have been immortalized in many well-known museums around the world, including the Smithsonian

DuPont Global Photovoltaic Reliability Report 2020

GT6 20 ind dupontThe annual Global Photovoltaic Reliability Report 2020 has recently been published by DuPont. Supported by a sophisticated field inspection system and analysis program, DuPont monitors the degradation of materials in photovoltaic installations worldwide and their impact on PV module performance. Variables such as components, material, mounting, service time and climate are analyzed.
 
The report is the result of inspecting and analyzing nearly 3 GW of PV installations, equivalent to about 9 million solar panels. One or the other defect was observed in around 30% of the modules. Up to 16 % of the backsheet laminates were defective. Firing cracks in PVDF backsheet laminates were three times larger than in 2019. Cracking in the inner layers, particularly in FEVE and PET backsheet laminates, and delamination in double-glazed modules were observed.
 
GT6 20 ind dupont 2In installations in China, Europe, India and North America, cracking in the outer PVDF layer was found to have increased from 5% to 23% between year 4 and year 9. This exposed the core layer to the natural elements. This in turn caused tripping of the converter and ground faults in some cases.
 
De-adhesion was often observed at module edges, while cracks were caused by scratches and splinters. "The results are sobering," says Dr. Kaushik Roy Choudhury, global technology manager at DuPont.

https://www.dupont.com/content/dam/dupont/amer/us/en/photovoltaic/public/documents/Global-Field-Reliability-Report-2020.pdf

Self-limiting electrospray coating and additive manufacturing

The electrospray ionization (ESI) technique is of great importance in the analysis of polymers using mass spectrometry. In this technique, ions are generated by electrospray. A liquid is subjected to a high voltage to form an aerosol. In the meantime, ESI has also become a coating technique. Electrospray deposition (ESD) is a nanofabrication process in which natural and synthetic polymers and composite solutions form charged micro-droplets as they flow and are sprayed. After evaporation of the solvent, the solids form the layer.

At Rutgers University in New York, the topic of self-limiting ESD is being researched. Such sprays are able to coat complex 3D objects in a self-limiting manner without changing the position of the spray needle or the orientation of the object. Objects that are produced using additive manufacturing can be ideally coated with the self-limiting electrospray coating. Coating thicknesses of up to 50 mm on conductive objects have been demonstrated. Hydrogel structures formed by additive manufacturing could also be coated using this technique to generate hydrophobic surfaces. The coatings were robust and superhydrophobicity was demonstrated throughout the structure.

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, pp. 20901-20911

Direct Alloy Printing

Special applications need special surfaces. Functional devices, for example thermocouples, thermopiles and heat flux sensors, often contain components that carry a functional coating. The alloy coating of an electrolyte is a challenge. Scientists at the University of Dallas in Texas have for the first time used a single electrolyte to coat a single-phase solid solution consisting of a nanocrystalline copper-nickel alloy.
 
In the experiments, the electrolyte consisted of 0.04M CuSO4.5H2Oand 0.7M NiSO4.6H2O. The composition could be varied between Cu100Ni0 and Cu19Ni81 in a controlled manner. The lattice cell parameter increased with increasing nickel concentration. The size of the crystallite was between 28 and 34 nm and was independent of the nickel concentration in the alloy. The thin, less than 35 nm thick, nanocrystalline layer was practically pore-free and exhibited exceptional mechanical and magnetic properties.
 
Post-treatment, for example an annealing treatment, was unnecessary. The process was demonstrated using the example of a thermocouple. According to the authors, the method allows a "continuous library of alloy compositions" to characterize materials.
 
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, pp. 18683-18691
 

V-Mn conversion coating in front of electroless nickel-phosphorus

Recently, vanadium-based conversion coatings on Al-Mg alloys have been intensively tested for their corrosion protection. Scientists in Taiwan have carried out this investigation using an LZ91Mg alloy as a substrate.
 
A thin, continuous V-Mn layer was produced within 60 seconds by immersion in a conversion coating solution. The corrosion resistance was significantly improved. After 120 hours of salt spray testing, the corroded surface reduced it by 95 % compared to a Ni-P coating. The impedance in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) increased from 573 Ω-cm2 to 11.319 Ω-cm2. The intermediate V-Mn layer was effective as an anti-corrosion layer. The composite coating was crack-free. The mechanism of the conversion coating of V-Mn and the corrosion resistance have been presented in the publication.
 
Surf. Coat. Technol. 2020, 394, 125724; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125724
 

Graphene oxide coating on chrome layers

In many industrial applications, corrosion and wear protection go hand in hand. Hard chrome plating is an established process for wear protection. There are various strategies for improving this property even further. In Istanbul, scientists have applied graphene oxide (GO) to chrome-plated piston rings using chemical vapor deposition at atmospheric pressure and investigated the tribological properties. The piston rings with the GO-Cr coating had excellent corrosion resistance in corrosive media. The tribological properties were evaluated under lubricated conditions. It was found that GO reacts with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) to form a tribological film. No abrasion scratches could be observed on the surface.

Surf. Coat. Technol. 2020, 391, 125595; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125595

Address of the author

Dr. Nagaraj N. Rao, RRR House, RRR Labs Pvt. Ltd, Plot 80, Sector 23, Navi Mumbai - 400 705 India; Fax + 91 22 2783 4814, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
 
  • Issue: Januar
  • Year: 2020
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